The admixture that can greatly reduce the amount of mixing water under the condition that the concrete slump is basically the same is called a superplasticizer.

The first generation of superplasticizers-naphthalene-based superplasticizers and melamine resin-based superplasticizers were developed in the early 1960s. Because of their performance compared with ordinary water-reducing agents, they were developed in the late 1930s. Lignosulfonate is a representative-it has a significant improvement, so it is also called a superplasticizer. The second-generation superplasticizer is sulfamate, although it is after the third-generation superplasticizer-polycarboxylic acid in chronological order. The graft copolymer with both sulfonic acid group and carboxylic acid group is the most important third-generation superplasticizer, and its performance is also the most excellent high-performance superplasticizer.

Plasticizers are widely used polymer additives in industrial production. Any substance added to a polymer material that can increase the plasticity of the polymer is called a plasticizer. The use of plasticizers can improve the performance of polymer materials, reduce production costs, and increase production efficiency. It is an important type of chemical product additive, which is commonly used as an auxiliary in plastic products, concrete, plaster, cement, gypsum, cosmetics and cleaning agents.

Plasticizers are generally polar or partially polar in structure, and are high-boiling, hardly volatile liquids with good miscibility with polymers or low-melting solids.

According to (GB8075-87) classification bai, concrete admixtures can be divided into four categories according to their main functions:

1. Additives to improve the rheological properties of concrete mixtures: including various water-reducing agents, air-entraining agents and pumping agents.

2. Additives for adjusting concrete setting time and hardening performance: including retarder, early strength agent, quick setting agent, etc.

Concrete admixture is a new technology of concrete technology. Almost all concrete admixtures, mortar and cement paste can be improved by admixture. Due to the wide application of concrete admixtures, admixtures have been called the fifth component of concrete.

The characteristics of concrete admixtures are many varieties and small amounts, and they play an important role in the modification of concrete. Therefore, its production process, quality control, application technology and variety selection are more important than other engineering materials.

Concrete admixture is added in the process of mixing concrete, which accounts for less than 5% of the cement mass, and can significantly improve the performance of concrete. The characteristics of concrete admixtures are many varieties and small amount of admixture, which has a large impact on the performance of concrete. It has the characteristics of less investment, quick effect and significant technical and economic benefits. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, admixtures have been increasingly used, and admixtures have become the fifth important component of concrete in addition to the four basic components.

Denatured alcohol refers to ethanol (ETHYL ALCOHOL) added with various ingredients to make it unsuitable for drinking according to the standards prescribed by the government. There are several brands of the best denatured alcohol for general use such as cleaning and dilution, and they are sold in cans. A typical formula that is widely used is S.D. No. 1, which consists of five gallons of methanol, five gallons of ethyl acetate, and one gallon of gasoline per hundred gallons of alcohol. Anhydrous denatured alcohol can be purchased at special dealers. The reason for using denatured alcohol is that it can be exempted from the heavy tax imposed on general alcohol.